Structure and Basic Chemical Properties

AMMONIA:
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. It has pungent odour ,it is a colourless gas.Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. In 2006, worldwide production was estimated at 146.5 million tons.
Ammonia is a colorless gas which has a strong irritating and very alkaline in nature. Ammonia is used in industry as a refrigerant and in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Domestically, ammonia is widely used as a cleaning agent.
It is used in commercial cleaning products.

Structure and basic chemical properties

The ammonia molecule has a  shape with a bond angle of 107.8° as shown above, as predicted by the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory . The central nitrogen atom has five outer electrons with an additional electron from each hydrogen atom. This gives a total of eight electrons, or four electron pairs which are arranged tetrahedrally. Three of these electron pairs are used as bond pairs, which leaves one lone pair of electrons. The lone pair of electrons repel more strongly than bond pairs, therefore the bond angle is not 109.5° as expected for a regular tetrahedral arrangement, but is measured at 107.8°. The nitrogen atom in the molecule has a , which makes ammonia a , a proton acceptor. This shape gives the molecule a  moment and makes it . The molecule's polarity and, especially, its ability to form , makes ammonia highly miscible with . Ammonia is moderately basic, a 1.0 M aqueous solution has a pH of 11.6 and if a strong acid is added to such a solution until the solution is neutral (pH = 7), 99.4% of the ammonia molecules are . Temperature and  also affect the proportion of NH₄⁺. The latter has the shape of a regular  and is  with . It is known to have the highest  of any substance.

Structure and basic chemical properties:

Chemical formula of ammonia:
The chemical formula for ammonia molecule is NH3.One nitrogen atom is covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
Ammonia is extremely soluble is water and produces ammonium hydroxide
NH3(g) + H2O(l) -----> NH4OH(aq)
The molecular mass or molar mass of ammonia is 17.0306 g/mo